Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-10 (of 10 Records) |
Query Trace: Gillis E[original query] |
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Zika virus IgM 25 months after symptom onset, Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA
Griffin I , Martin SW , Fischer M , Chambers TV , Kosoy OL , Goldberg C , Falise A , Villamil V , Ponomareva O , Gillis LD , Blackmore C , Jean R . Emerg Infect Dis 2019 25 (12) 2264-2265 We assessed IgM detection in Zika patients from the 2016 outbreak in Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. Of those with positive or equivocal IgM after 12-19 months, 87% (26/30) had IgM 6 months later. In a survival analysis, approximately 76% had IgM at 25 months. Zika virus IgM persists for years, complicating serologic diagnosis. |
Genomic Epidemiology as a Public Health Tool to Combat Mosquito-Borne Virus Outbreaks.
Pollett S , Fauver JR , Maljkovic Berry I , Melendrez M , Morrison A , Gillis LD , Johansson MA , Jarman RG , Grubaugh ND . J Infect Dis 2019 221 S308-S318 Next-generation sequencing technologies, exponential increases in the availability of virus genomic data, and ongoing advances in phylogenomic methods have made genomic epidemiology an increasingly powerful tool for public health response to a range of mosquito-borne virus outbreaks. In this review, we offer a brief primer on the scope and methods of phylogenomic analyses that can answer key epidemiological questions during mosquito-borne virus public health emergencies. We then focus on case examples of outbreaks, including those caused by dengue, Zika, yellow fever, West Nile, and chikungunya viruses, to demonstrate the utility of genomic epidemiology to support the prevention and control of mosquito-borne virus threats. We extend these case studies with operational perspectives on how to best incorporate genomic epidemiology into structured surveillance and response programs for mosquito-borne virus control. Many tools for genomic epidemiology already exist, but so do technical and nontechnical challenges to advancing their use. Frameworks to support the rapid sharing of multidimensional data and increased cross-sector partnerships, networks, and collaborations can support advancement on all scales, from research and development to implementation by public health agencies. |
Partnerships involved in public health testing for Zika virus in Florida, 2016
Heberlein-Larson L , Gillis LD , Morrison A , Scott B , Cook M , Cannons A , Quaye E , White S , Cone M , Mock V , Schiffer J , Lonsway D , Petway M , Otis A , Stanek D , Hamilton J , Crowe S . Public Health Rep 2019 134 43s-52s The emergence of Zika virus in the Americas in 2015 and its association with birth defects and other adverse health outcomes triggered an unprecedented public health response and a demand for testing. In 2016, when Florida exceeded state public health laboratory capacity for diagnostic testing, the state formed partnerships with federal and commercial laboratories. Eighty-two percent of the testing (n = 33 802 of 41 008 specimens) by the laboratory partners, including Florida's Bureau of Public Health Laboratories (BPHL; n = 13 074), a commercial laboratory (n = 19 214), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; n = 1514), occurred from July through November 2016, encompassing the peak period of local transmission. These partnerships allowed BPHL to maintain acceptable test turnaround times of 1 to 4 days for nucleic acid testing and 3 to 7 days for serologic testing. Lessons learned from this response to inform future outbreaks included the need for early planning to establish outside partnerships, adding specimen triage strategies to surge plans, and integrating state and CDC information systems. |
Zika virus IgM detection and neutralizing antibody profiles 12-19 months after illness onset
Griffin I , Martin SW , Fischer M , Chambers TV , Kosoy O , Falise A , Ponomareva O , Gillis LD , Blackmore C , Jean R . Emerg Infect Dis 2019 25 (2) 299-303 Data on the duration of detectable Zika virus-specific IgM in infected persons are limited. Neutralizing antibody cross-reactivity occurs between Zika virus and related flaviviruses, but the degree to which this confounds diagnosis is uncertain. We tested serum specimens collected 12-19 months after illness onset from patients with confirmed Zika virus disease for Zika virus IgM and Zika virus and dengue virus neutralizing antibodies. Among 62 participants, 45 (73%) had detectable Zika virus IgM and 12 (19%) had an equivocal result. Although all patients tested had Zika virus neutralizing antibodies, 39 (63%) also had neutralizing antibodies against dengue virus; of those, 12 (19%) had <4-fold difference between Zika virus and dengue virus titers, and 5 (8%) had dengue virus titer >4-fold higher than Zika virus titer. Prolonged detection of IgM and neutralizing antibody cross-reactivity make it difficult to determine the timing of Zika virus infection and differentiate between related flaviviruses. |
Taxonomy of the family Arenaviridae and the order Bunyavirales: update 2018.
Maes P , Alkhovsky SV , Bao Y , Beer M , Birkhead M , Briese T , Buchmeier MJ , Calisher CH , Charrel RN , Choi IR , Clegg CS , de la Torre JC , Delwart E , DeRisi JL , Di Bello PL , Di Serio F , Digiaro M , Dolja VV , Drosten C , Druciarek TZ , Du J , Ebihara H , Elbeaino T , Gergerich RC , Gillis AN , Gonzalez JJ , Haenni AL , Hepojoki J , Hetzel U , Ho T , Hong N , Jain RK , Jansen van Vuren P , Jin Q , Jonson MG , Junglen S , Keller KE , Kemp A , Kipar A , Kondov NO , Koonin EV , Kormelink R , Korzyukov Y , Krupovic M , Lambert AJ , Laney AG , LeBreton M , Lukashevich IS , Marklewitz M , Markotter W , Martelli GP , Martin RR , Mielke-Ehret N , Muhlbach HP , Navarro B , Ng TFF , Nunes MRT , Palacios G , Paweska JT , Peters CJ , Plyusnin A , Radoshitzky SR , Romanowski V , Salmenpera P , Salvato MS , Sanfacon H , Sasaya T , Schmaljohn C , Schneider BS , Shirako Y , Siddell S , Sironen TA , Stenglein MD , Storm N , Sudini H , Tesh RB , Tzanetakis IE , Uppala M , Vapalahti O , Vasilakis N , Walker PJ , Wang G , Wang L , Wang Y , Wei T , Wiley MR , Wolf YI , Wolfe ND , Wu Z , Xu W , Yang L , Yang Z , Yeh SD , Zhang YZ , Zheng Y , Zhou X , Zhu C , Zirkel F , Kuhn JH . Arch Virol 2018 163 (8) 2295-2310 In 2018, the family Arenaviridae was expanded by inclusion of 1 new genus and 5 novel species. At the same time, the recently established order Bunyavirales was expanded by 3 species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the family Arenaviridae and the order Bunyavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and summarizes additional taxonomic proposals that may affect the order in the near future. |
Effect of priming with seasonal influenza A(H3N2) virus on the prevalence of cross-reactive hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies to swine-origin A(H3N2) variants
Liu F , Veguilla V , Gross FL , Gillis E , Rowe T , Xu X , Tumpey TM , Katz JM , Levine MZ , Lu X . J Infect Dis 2017 216 S539-s547 Background: Recent outbreaks of swine-origin influenza A(H3N2) variant (H3N2v) viruses have raised public health concerns. Previous studies indicated that older children and young adults had the highest levels of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies to 2010-2011 H3N2v viruses. However, newly emerging 2013 H3N2v have acquired antigenic mutations in the hemagglutinin at amino acid position 145 (N145K/R). We estimated the levels of serologic cross-reactivity among humans primed with seasonal influenza A(H3N2) (sH3N2), using postinfection ferret antisera. We also explored age-related HI antibody responses to 2012-2013 H3N2v viruses. Methods: Human and ferret antisera were tested in HI assays against 1 representative 2012 H3N2v (145N) and 2 2013 H3N2v (145K/R) viruses, together with 9 sH3N2 viruses circulating since 1968. Results: Low levels of cross-reactivity between the H3N2v and sH3N2 viruses from the 1970s-1990s were observed using postinfection ferret antisera. The overall seroprevalence among the sH3N2-primed population against 2012-2013 H3N2v viruses was >50%, and age-related seroprevalence was observed. Seroprevalence was significantly higher to 2013 H3N2v than to 2012 H3N2v viruses among some children likely to have been primed with A/Sydney/5/97-like (145K) or A/Wuhan/359/95-like viruses (145K). Conclusions: A single substitution (N145K/R) was sufficient to affect seropositivity to H3N2v viruses in some individuals. Insight into age-related antibody responses to newly emerging H3N2v viruses is critical for risk assessment and pandemic preparedness. |
Cross-reactive antibody responses to novel H5Nx influenza viruses following homologous and heterologous prime-boost vaccination with a prepandemic stockpiled A(H5N1) vaccine in humans
Levine MZ , Holiday C , Liu F , Jefferson S , Gillis E , Bellamy AR , Tumpey T , Katz JM . J Infect Dis 2017 216 S555-s559 Recently, novel highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses (clade 2.3.4.4) caused outbreaks in US poultry. We evaluated the potential of a stockpiled A(H5N1) A/Anhui/1/2005 (clade 2.3.4) vaccine to elicit cross-reactive antibody responses to these emerging viruses. Sera from subjects who received 2 doses of MF59-adjuvanted A/Anhui/1/2005, or 1 dose of MF59-adjuvanted A/Anhui/1/2005 following priming with a clade 1 vaccine were characterized by microneutralization assays and modified hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays. Only heterologous prime-boost vaccination induced modest cross-reactive HI antibody responses to H5Nx viruses. Heterologous prime-boost may provide a more effective vaccination strategy to broaden the antibody responses to emerging viruses. |
Local mosquito-borne transmission of Zika virus - Miami-Dade and Broward Counties, Florida, June-August 2016
Likos A , Griffin I , Bingham AM , Stanek D , Fischer M , White S , Hamilton J , Eisenstein L , Atrubin D , Mulay P , Scott B , Jenkins P , Fernandez D , Rico E , Gillis L , Jean R , Cone M , Blackmore C , McAllister J , Vasquez C , Rivera L , Philip C . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016 65 (38) 1032-1038 During the first 6 months of 2016, large outbreaks of Zika virus disease caused by local mosquito-borne transmission occurred in Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories, but local mosquito-borne transmission was not identified in the continental United States. As of July 22, 2016, the Florida Department of Health had identified 321 Zika virus disease cases among Florida residents and visitors, all occurring in either travelers from other countries or territories with ongoing Zika virus transmission or sexual contacts of recent travelers.* During standard case investigation of persons with compatible illness and laboratory evidence of recent Zika virus infection (i.e., a specimen positive by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [rRT-PCR], or positive Zika immunoglobulin M [IgM] with supporting dengue serology [negative for dengue IgM antibodies and positive for dengue IgG antibodies], or confirmation of Zika virus neutralizing antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization testing [PRNT]), four persons were identified in Broward and Miami-Dade counties whose infections were attributed to likely local mosquito-borne transmission. Two of these persons worked within 120 meters (131 yards) of each other but had no other epidemiologic connections, suggesting the possibility of a local community-based outbreak. Further epidemiologic and laboratory investigations of the worksites and surrounding neighborhood identified a total of 29 persons with laboratory evidence of recent Zika virus infection and likely exposure during late June to early August, most within an approximate 6-block area. In response to limited impact on the population of Aedes aegypti mosquito vectors from initial ground-based mosquito control efforts, aerial ultralow volume spraying with the organophosphate insecticide naled was applied over a 10 square-mile area beginning in early August and alternated with aerial larviciding with Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis (Bti), a group biologic control agent, in a central 2 square-mile area. No additional cases were identified after implementation of this mosquito control strategy. No increases in emergency department (ED) patient visits associated with aerial spraying were reported, including visits for asthma, reactive airway disease, wheezing, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Local and state health departments serving communities where Ae. aegypti, the primary vector of Zika virus, is found should continue to actively monitor for local transmission of the virus. |
Preexisting immunity, more than aging, influences influenza vaccine responses
Reber AJ , Kim JH , Biber R , Talbot HK , Coleman LA , Chirkova T , Gross FL , Steward-Clark E , Cao W , Jefferson S , Veguilla V , Gillis E , Meece J , Bai Y , Tatum H , Hancock K , Stevens J , Spencer S , Chen J , Gargiullo P , Braun E , Griffin MR , Sundaram M , Belongia EA , Shay DK , Katz JM , Sambhara S . Open Forum Infect Dis 2015 2 (2) ofv052 BACKGROUND: Influenza disproportionately impacts older adults while current vaccines have reduced effectiveness in the older population. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of cellular and humoral immune responses of adults aged 50 years and older to the 2008-2009 seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and assessed factors influencing vaccine response. RESULTS: Vaccination increased hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing antibody; however, 66.3% of subjects did not reach hemagglutination inhibition titers ≥ 40 for H1N1, compared with 22.5% for H3N2. Increasing age had a minor negative impact on antibody responses, whereas prevaccination titers were the best predictors of postvaccination antibody levels. Preexisting memory B cells declined with age, especially for H3N2. However, older adults still demonstrated a significant increase in antigen-specific IgG+ and IgA+ memory B cells postvaccination. Despite reduced frequency of preexisting memory B cells associated with advanced age, fold-rise in memory B cell frequency in subjects 60+ was comparable to subjects age 50-59. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults mounted statistically significant humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, but many failed to reach hemagglutination inhibition titers ≥40, especially for H1N1. Although age had a modest negative effect on vaccine responses, prevaccination titers were the best predictor of postvaccination antibody levels, irrespective of age. |
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection among workers at live bird markets, Bangladesh, 2009-2010
Nasreen S , Khan SU , Luby SP , Gurley ES , Abedin J , Zaman RU , Sohel BM , Rahman M , Hancock K , Levine MZ , Veguilla V , Wang D , Holiday C , Gillis E , Sturm-Ramirez K , Bresee JS , Rahman M , Uyeki TM , Katz JM , Azziz-Baumgartner E . Emerg Infect Dis 2015 21 (4) 629-637 The risk for influenza A(H5N1) virus infection is unclear among poultry workers in countries where the virus is endemic. To assess H5N1 seroprevalence and seroconversion among workers at live bird markets (LBMs) in Bangladesh, we followed a cohort of workers from 12 LBMs with existing avian influenza surveillance. Serum samples from workers were tested for H5N1 antibodies at the end of the study or when LBM samples first had H5N1 virus-positive test results. Of 404 workers, 9 (2%) were seropositive at baseline. Of 284 workers who completed the study and were seronegative at baseline, 6 (2%) seroconverted (7 cases/100 poultry worker-years). Workers who frequently fed poultry, cleaned feces from pens, cleaned food/water containers, and did not wash hands after touching sick poultry had a 7.6 times higher risk for infection compared with workers who infrequently performed these behaviors. Despite frequent exposure to H5N1 virus, LBM workers showed evidence of only sporadic infection. |
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